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IN VITRO EFFECT OF VARIOUS STERILIZATION TECHNIQUES ON PEACH (Prunus persica (L.) Batsch) EXPLANTS

Published in Scientific Papers. Series B, Horticulture, Volume LXII
Written by Nazar AL GHASHEEM, Florin STĂNICĂ, Adrian George PETICILĂ, Oana VENAT

One of the major challenges in Romania in fruit growing sector is the production of certified planting material, considering the specificities of the local climate conditions and the consumers’ preferences. Due to the damages produced by hard winters and late spring frosts and the lack of resistant and suitable peach varieties, in the last decades, this species was almost eliminated from the producers choices in establishing new orchards. One of the major research projects of the Faculty of Horticulture within the University of Agronomic Sciences and Veterinary Medicine of Bucharest is to identify and multiply the best peach varieties (Prunus persica L. Batsch) adapted to the Romanian harsh conditions. This paper presents different sterilization techniques applied to peach explants necessary for the initiation of the in vitro culture. The research was conducted at the Micropropagation Laboratory within the Faculty of Horticulture. For peach tissue culture initiation, four sterilization agents where tested in 18 different variants: Sodium hypochlorite (NaOCl) in three concentrations: 5%, 10% and 15%, for 5 and 10 min; Hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), in two concentrations: 5% and 10%, for 10 and 20 min; Captan (50%) fungicide, in four concentrations: 1%, 2%, 3% and 4%, for 5 min and Boric acid (B(OH)3), in two concentrations: 1% and 2%, for 5 and 10 min. The explants (shoots-tip and nodes) were cultured in MS (Murashige and Skoog, 1962) basal medium supplemented with 30g sucrose, as carbon source and 7g agar. The growth chamber for the in vitro cultures had 22±2°C temperature and 70 to 80% relative humidity, with a photoperiod of 16 h day light and 8 h dark. The percentage of contamination, survival rate and shoot growth were studied during the initiation phase. Among the different sterilization variants, sodium hypochlorite was the most effective treatment with 50% survival rate at V5 (15% for 5 min) and 60% at V4 (10% for 10 min). After sterilization, shoots continued to grow vigorously and the multiplication phase initiated.

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