Published in Scientific Papers. Series B, Horticulture, Volume LX
Written by Cristina MOALE, Leinar ȘEPTAR, Corina GAVĂȚ, Cristina PETRIȘOR
One of the problems which occurred during the last years concerning all fruit-growing species is determined by climate changes. Some phenomena related to climate stress occur in a chronic manner (low fertility, weak structuring of soils, etc.) or periodically (droughts, excess of humidity in the soil, etc.) or occasionally (early or late frosts, hale, etc.); their unfavourable influence depends both on the intensity and the duration of the stress as well as on the specific phenophase of crop plants. Due to the climate changes which occurred during the last couple of years, it was observed that the resistance of peach tree cultivars differs greatly from one year to the next. The present studies were carried out over a period of three years on plantations of ripe peach trees and nectarine trees from R.S.F.G. Constanța. Branch samples belonging to 7 peach tree cultivars ('Springcrest’, 'Springold’, 'Collins’, 'Cardinal’, 'Redhaven’, 'Southland’ and 'Jerseyland’) and 3 nectarine tree cultivars ('Cora’, 'Delta’ and 'Romamer2’) were harvested and analysed three days after the frost occurred. The paper presents the manner in which certain peach tree and nectarine tree cultivars reacted to the effect of the frost which occurred in 2012, 2013 and 2014 and the effect of hale (July 11th, 2014) on the peach tree production. The greatest losses caused by frost were recorded in the winter of 2012: 90% fruit buds affected at the 'Springold’ cultivar, 94% fruit buds affected at the 'Springcrest’ cultivar and 62% fruit buds affected at the 'Redhaven’ cultivar. The losses caused by the hale which occurred on the 11th of July 2014 reduced the production of the 'Redhaven’ cultivar by 40% and that of the 'Southland’ cultivar by 80%. The carried out studies and the obtained results demonstrate both the importance of choosing the assortment of cultivars according to favourable areas as well as the importance of placing anti-hale nets upon establishing fruit-growing plantations.
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