Published in Scientific Papers. Series B, Horticulture, Vol. LXV, Issue 1
Written by Marinela Vicuţa STROE
In contemporary society, the viticultural germplasm fund, vine (varieties) and wine - are elements of universal and national heritage, and it must be known, evaluated, capitalized and last but not least, preserved - according to unitary, equidistant and unanimously recognized concepts by specialists. The accentuated variability of the varieties belonging to the species Vitis vinifera spp sativa, their number and the vast geographical space on which they are fund, provide genetic improvement ameliorators with a background of germplasm and an equally vast genetic resource. In the current practice of genetic improvement vines, it has always been taken into account the manifestation of exceptional heredity in offspring, for one or more characters, either from the spectrum of biological characters or from the spectrum of characters related to behaviour and production quality, as well as resistance to diseases and pests, drought resistance, frost resistance, extreme phenomena, etc. In general, the new grape varieties for table and wine, obtained in Romania are obtained by intraspecific hybridization, by self-pollination, by free pollination, by natural selection, as well as by fixing valuable mutations. In most of them, however, there are new characters, clearly superior to those found in the parent varieties. As the study shows, the particularities of new creations register a higher predictable genetic gain, incorporating a high genetic value, often even having a different production direction compared to the parents.
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